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The 204 lots from the J. Louis Binder Collection of Chinese Export Art netted £392,550 and, although more than 40 per cent of entries were bought in during the auction, the raft of aftersales meant there were only a small number of lots left unsold a few days later.

The collection had been built over the last 30 years by Virginia-based American enthusiasts Louis and Gloria Binder who bought both at auction and from reputable American, European and London dealers such as The Chinese Porcelain Company, Vanderven & Vanderven, S. Marchant & Son and Cohen & Pearce.

Like many collectors, the Binders were often prepared to overlook imperfect condition for the quality of painting and rarity of design and, consequently, a number of the pieces had suffered some damage or restoration.

The Chinese have never held Westerners in the greatest esteem, often comically depicting them as unrefined, hairy, big-nosed barbarians. These deeply-held prejudices cannot have been helped by the designs commissioned by some Europeans in the 18th century such as the erotic design on a famille rose barber’s bowl, c.1775, depicting four naked wrestling ladies of ample proportions and probably copying an European engraving.

In good condition other than a shallow rim chip, it sold to a European dealer (possibly on behalf of a collector) at £5500. The pair to this bowl is thought to be in a private collection.

The biggest money was reserved for a ‘Scotsman’ bowl, c.1745, depicting two kilted Jacobite martyrs, Piper Macdonnel and Rifleman Shaw. These typically sell for up to £25,000, but this was in perfect condition and fetched £30,000 from a UK dealer.